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Network and Database Administrator
Information Technology (IT) has improved the quality of life for many people around the world. It's designed to transport, store, and synthesize data. Organizations hire IT specialists to oversee their IT infrastructure.
Network architects or network engineers develop computer networks designed to transmit information. They install, troubleshoot, and test systems, which include data communications networks, wide area networks (WANs), and local area networks (LANs). Networks are linked various ways, with some linking multiple offices, while others are designed to permit people to send e-mail to, and have telephone conversations with people in different parts of the world. Network engineers and architects also conduct network planning, assessment, and modeling. For example, network engineers or architects installing a new network might have to set up new hubs, routers, and cables, install hardware and software, and conduct troubleshooting to ensure the network works properly. These specialists are also responsible for conducting research to learn about new software and hardware that may improve network efficiency. Network architects and engineers must also ensure computer networks are secure against online threats.
Network and computer systems administrators develop, set-up, and maintain a company's computer networks, including intranet and Internet networks, network segments, WANs, and LANs. They are employed by small companies, government agencies, and large corporations. They are also responsible for repairing software and hardware used in computer networks, monitoring systems for defects, and making sure all employees have access to networks. These specialists also collect data to determine how efficiently a network is functioning, pinpoint what network needs employees have, and estimate system requirements.
Systems administrators ensure networks operate efficiency. They make sure all software, computers, and network technology are synced together, so the network functions properly. Administrators also fix problems reported by people using the network and automated warning alerts, and they inform management when it's time to update a network. Many systems administrators are responsible for making sure networks are protected from online threats.
Database administrators are responsible for overseeing technology designed to store and analyze data. They determine what people using a database require and install databases designed to accommodate these needs. Frequently, database administrators must transfer data stored in old databases into new ones. Whenever system maintenance is performed, database administrators conduct troubleshooting to locate any potential defects. They also make sure databases are functioning properly, new employees have access to them, and they collaborate with network administrators so databases are secure and linked to computer networks. Many database administrators design new databases; however, this is usually the responsibility of database designers or analysts.
Computer security specialists are responsible for making sure information transmitted over a company's computer network is protected. These specialists teach employees about network security, install software designed to protect networks, and monitor computer systems for potential online threats. Computer security specialists are often responsible for collecting evidence that will later be used in a criminal prosecution. Because of the rise of computer hackers and cyber crime, computer security specialists have additional responsibilities.
Telecommunications specialists specialize in communications technology that is integrated with computer technology. These specialists develop data-communication, video, and voice technology, oversee the installation of telecommunications systems, and perform troubleshooting. Additionally, they supervise maintenance, troubleshoot lines, and keep records.
Web developers oversee the technical components of website development. They develop websites by utilizing computer technology and programming languages. Web developers determine what demographic will visit a certain website and supervise its development and launch. They select the images and information that can be viewed on the site and determine how it will appear. Utilizing the newest web development software, they develop sites that are visually appealing and easy to navigate.
Webmasters or Web administrators maintain websites that have already been developed. They ensure websites can be retrieved quickly, are easy to navigate, and contain the necessary content. Web administrators also gather and assess data on web use, identify patterns and trends, and collect user feedback to improve websites.
Work environment. Webmasters and developers, computer security specialists, database administrators, and network architects and administrators usually work in brightly-lit and comfortable buildings. They usually spend 40 hours per week at the office, but during 2008, fewer than 20 percent of network administrators, database managers, web developers, telecommunications specialists, and network architects worked 50 hours or more each week. Likewise, many of these specialists are frequently called on during odd hours of the day to repair equipment and fix system problems.
As more organizations and people rely on computer networks, these specialists will more than likely spend more time working from home or remote locations, which will reduce the amount of time they spend commuting to office buildings.
These specialists occasionally get injured at work, but since they spend a considerable portion of the day working at computers, they frequently suffer from back pain, eyestrain, and the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Education, Training and Qualifications
Occupation requirements are different for each specialty. People can begin careers in this field holding various types of college degrees, but applicable computer skills are a necessity. Those with certificates will more than likely have more job opportunities and have the most up-to-date training.
Education and training. Most computer systems and network administrators must hold a bachelor's degree, but those with relevant work experience and a certification or associate's degree often qualify for certain jobs. Many of these specialists begin their careers working as support specialists before receiving a network administration promotion. Many network systems administrators majored in management information systems, information science, and computer science during college; however, it's possible to get a network administration job with relevant work experience and by earning a college degree in a related field. It usually takes 4 years to earn a bachelor's degree in a field related to computer technology, and most students will be required to complete courses in statistics, math, general education, and computer programming and engineering. Management in information systems (MIS) programs are frequently sponsored by the business school, so students enrolled in these programs will take MIS related courses, as well as classes in business administration, accounting, advertising, and finance.
Most organizations hiring database architects and administrators require job candidates to hold a bachelor's degree in a major related to these fields, but some companies prefer candidates possessing MBAs with an emphasis in information systems. It takes about 2 years to earn a MBA. In most cases, MBA students must complete courses in business administration, accounting, marketing, finance, in addition to classes relating to database development and administration. Network and database administrators also bolster their job opportunities by possessing applicable work experience.
Webmasters holding certificates or associate's degrees can find many entry-level job opportunities, but many companies promote those with bachelor's degrees in relevant fields. Telecommunications specialists with associate's degrees in applicable fields can find entry-level jobs; however those with relevant work experience, even if they do not have college degrees, often find jobs in the telecommunications industry. Those seeking network security specialist and web development jobs should have a bachelor's degree, but some companies will hire those with relevant work experience or a certification in certain positions.
Certification and other qualifications. Specialists in these fields must possess excellent communication, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Since they must often multi-task, individuals interested in pursuing careers in these fields should be detail oriented. These specialists occasionally work alone, but they are often required to complete big projects with team members. This makes it necessary to have good communication skills since they must often work closely with supervisors and computer programmers, and speak with customers who might have little knowledge about computers.
Those looking for jobs can bolster their opportunities by completing certification programs administered by training companies, computer associations, and vendors. Certifications are highly valued by many companies, and some employers require people working for them to complete certification programs. Many companies will hire people who are certified, even if they do not have college degrees.
Since technology is constantly evolving, computer specialists need to be constantly developing new skills. Many institutions administer certification programs of varying levels where people can learn about new technology.
Advancement. Computer systems administrators working in entry-level jobs have basic supervisory and maintenance responsibilities. After acquiring some work experience, they receive senior-level job promotions. Many get promoted to management positions.
Network architects and database administrators often get promoted to management jobs after acquiring extensive work experience. Technology specialists who develop expertise in a specific field often work as consultants. Many computer security experts receive management promotions or develop enough knowledge and skills to begin careers as computer systems analysts.
Employment Opportunities
During 2008, there were nearly 961,200 people working in the database administration and network analysis industries. 339,500 of these professionals worked as network administration specialists, 120,400 worked as data administration specialists, and 292,000 worked as network and data assessment specialists. Likewise, nearly 209,300 of these specialists worked in computer related fields.
These professionals worked in various industries. Nearly 14 percent of database and network administrators specialized in systems development and associated services. Many of these specialists worked for telecommunications firms, financial institutions, insurance companies, educational institutions, and government agencies. Nearly 7 percent ran their own businesses.
Job Outlook
Job growth is projected to increase at an above average rate, so job opportunities should be abundant.
Employment change. Job growth for database, systems, and network administrators is estimated to rise 30 percent until 2018, which is a quicker rate than average growth in other industries. Likewise, it's been projected that 286,600 new jobs in these specialties will be created during the same timeframe. Job growth will differ in each field.
Job growth for network administrators is projected to rise nearly 23 percent through 2018, which is a quicker rate than the average growth rate in other industries. Since most companies rely on up-to-date computer networks, demand for network specialists will continue to rise. Likewise, because more people have access to the Internet, more companies will market and sell their products and services online. This will generate demand for systems administrators with the ability to utilize technology to relay information to their colleagues, clients, and customers. Increased demand for network security will also spearhead job growth, especially since cyber criminals constantly adapt to circumvent new network security technologies.
Job growth for database administrators is projected to increase by 20 percent through 2018, which is a faster rate than average growth in other industries. Since more companies collect sensitive information that must be organized, reviewed, and stored, demand for database administrators should be on the rise. Likewise, because more companies collect information via the web, and it must be protected, demand for database security experts will increase.
Job growth for data communications and network systems analysts is estimated to expand by more than 50 percent through 2018, which is a quicker rate than projected average growth in other industries. Professionals working in these fields include web developers and administrators and network engineers. Job growth for network engineers and architects will increase since more companies are investing in new information technology. Likewise, demand for these specialists will also increase because wireless Internet access is now being made available to more people. There will also be more need for information security experts since sensitive information is transmitted across wireless networks.
Job growth for web developers and administrators will also continue to increase since more people are using the Internet and submitting information across it. Likewise, as more marketing and business is conducted via the web, more jobs will be created for web developers and administrators.
Job growth for database administrators and network specialists will increase quicker in the fields of technology consulting, software publishing, web hosting, data analysis, and computer systems development. Job growth for database administration and network specialist positions with healthcare organizations is also projected to increase as healthcare providers attempt to be more efficient and provide better care by utilizing information technology.
Job growth in these fields may be moderated since more of these positions are being outsourced to foreign countries, a process where companies move jobs to other countries where skilled workers accept lower wages. Likewise, as more companies require their workers to take on additional duties to improve productivity, there will be fewer jobs available in these fields.
Job prospects. Database administrators and systems and network specialists more than likely will continue to have numerous job opportunities to select from through the near future. In most cases, job candidates with certificates or college degrees should have more job opportunities, but many organizations seek candidates with applicable work experience. New jobs in these fields will be created because of growing demand, and many jobs will be available as people in these fields retire or make career transitions.
Earnings
During 2008, median salaries for systems administrators and network specialists were $66,310 a year. Those in the 50th percentile made anywhere from $51,690-84,110 a year. Those in the bottom 10th percentile made under $41,000 a year, while those in the upper 10th percentile made over $104,070 a year. The following are the median yearly salaries in the fields where the majority of computer systems administrators and network administrators were employed during 2008:
During 2008, median yearly earnings for database administrators were $69,740. Administrators in the 50th percentile made anywhere from $52,340-$91,850 a year. Those in the bottom 10th percentile made under $39,900 a year, while those in the upper 10th percentile made over $111,950 a year. During 2008, median annual earnings for database administrators specializing in computer systems development and similar services were $78,510. Those working as managers earned $74,730 a year.
During 2008, data communication and network analysts earned median annual incomes near $71,100. Those in the 50th percentile made anywhere from $54,330-90,740 a year. Specialists in the bottom 10th percentile made under $41,660 a year, while those in the upper 10th percentile made over $110,920 a year. These earnings reflect the annual salaries of network and systems administrators and network architects. The following are the median yearly salaries in the fields where the majority of data communications analysts were employed during 2008:
Network architects or network engineers develop computer networks designed to transmit information. They install, troubleshoot, and test systems, which include data communications networks, wide area networks (WANs), and local area networks (LANs). Networks are linked various ways, with some linking multiple offices, while others are designed to permit people to send e-mail to, and have telephone conversations with people in different parts of the world. Network engineers and architects also conduct network planning, assessment, and modeling. For example, network engineers or architects installing a new network might have to set up new hubs, routers, and cables, install hardware and software, and conduct troubleshooting to ensure the network works properly. These specialists are also responsible for conducting research to learn about new software and hardware that may improve network efficiency. Network architects and engineers must also ensure computer networks are secure against online threats.
Network and computer systems administrators develop, set-up, and maintain a company's computer networks, including intranet and Internet networks, network segments, WANs, and LANs. They are employed by small companies, government agencies, and large corporations. They are also responsible for repairing software and hardware used in computer networks, monitoring systems for defects, and making sure all employees have access to networks. These specialists also collect data to determine how efficiently a network is functioning, pinpoint what network needs employees have, and estimate system requirements.
Systems administrators ensure networks operate efficiency. They make sure all software, computers, and network technology are synced together, so the network functions properly. Administrators also fix problems reported by people using the network and automated warning alerts, and they inform management when it's time to update a network. Many systems administrators are responsible for making sure networks are protected from online threats.
Database administrators are responsible for overseeing technology designed to store and analyze data. They determine what people using a database require and install databases designed to accommodate these needs. Frequently, database administrators must transfer data stored in old databases into new ones. Whenever system maintenance is performed, database administrators conduct troubleshooting to locate any potential defects. They also make sure databases are functioning properly, new employees have access to them, and they collaborate with network administrators so databases are secure and linked to computer networks. Many database administrators design new databases; however, this is usually the responsibility of database designers or analysts.
Computer security specialists are responsible for making sure information transmitted over a company's computer network is protected. These specialists teach employees about network security, install software designed to protect networks, and monitor computer systems for potential online threats. Computer security specialists are often responsible for collecting evidence that will later be used in a criminal prosecution. Because of the rise of computer hackers and cyber crime, computer security specialists have additional responsibilities.
Telecommunications specialists specialize in communications technology that is integrated with computer technology. These specialists develop data-communication, video, and voice technology, oversee the installation of telecommunications systems, and perform troubleshooting. Additionally, they supervise maintenance, troubleshoot lines, and keep records.
Web developers oversee the technical components of website development. They develop websites by utilizing computer technology and programming languages. Web developers determine what demographic will visit a certain website and supervise its development and launch. They select the images and information that can be viewed on the site and determine how it will appear. Utilizing the newest web development software, they develop sites that are visually appealing and easy to navigate.
Webmasters or Web administrators maintain websites that have already been developed. They ensure websites can be retrieved quickly, are easy to navigate, and contain the necessary content. Web administrators also gather and assess data on web use, identify patterns and trends, and collect user feedback to improve websites.
Work environment. Webmasters and developers, computer security specialists, database administrators, and network architects and administrators usually work in brightly-lit and comfortable buildings. They usually spend 40 hours per week at the office, but during 2008, fewer than 20 percent of network administrators, database managers, web developers, telecommunications specialists, and network architects worked 50 hours or more each week. Likewise, many of these specialists are frequently called on during odd hours of the day to repair equipment and fix system problems.
As more organizations and people rely on computer networks, these specialists will more than likely spend more time working from home or remote locations, which will reduce the amount of time they spend commuting to office buildings.
These specialists occasionally get injured at work, but since they spend a considerable portion of the day working at computers, they frequently suffer from back pain, eyestrain, and the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Education, Training and Qualifications
Occupation requirements are different for each specialty. People can begin careers in this field holding various types of college degrees, but applicable computer skills are a necessity. Those with certificates will more than likely have more job opportunities and have the most up-to-date training.
Education and training. Most computer systems and network administrators must hold a bachelor's degree, but those with relevant work experience and a certification or associate's degree often qualify for certain jobs. Many of these specialists begin their careers working as support specialists before receiving a network administration promotion. Many network systems administrators majored in management information systems, information science, and computer science during college; however, it's possible to get a network administration job with relevant work experience and by earning a college degree in a related field. It usually takes 4 years to earn a bachelor's degree in a field related to computer technology, and most students will be required to complete courses in statistics, math, general education, and computer programming and engineering. Management in information systems (MIS) programs are frequently sponsored by the business school, so students enrolled in these programs will take MIS related courses, as well as classes in business administration, accounting, advertising, and finance.
Most organizations hiring database architects and administrators require job candidates to hold a bachelor's degree in a major related to these fields, but some companies prefer candidates possessing MBAs with an emphasis in information systems. It takes about 2 years to earn a MBA. In most cases, MBA students must complete courses in business administration, accounting, marketing, finance, in addition to classes relating to database development and administration. Network and database administrators also bolster their job opportunities by possessing applicable work experience.
Webmasters holding certificates or associate's degrees can find many entry-level job opportunities, but many companies promote those with bachelor's degrees in relevant fields. Telecommunications specialists with associate's degrees in applicable fields can find entry-level jobs; however those with relevant work experience, even if they do not have college degrees, often find jobs in the telecommunications industry. Those seeking network security specialist and web development jobs should have a bachelor's degree, but some companies will hire those with relevant work experience or a certification in certain positions.
Certification and other qualifications. Specialists in these fields must possess excellent communication, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Since they must often multi-task, individuals interested in pursuing careers in these fields should be detail oriented. These specialists occasionally work alone, but they are often required to complete big projects with team members. This makes it necessary to have good communication skills since they must often work closely with supervisors and computer programmers, and speak with customers who might have little knowledge about computers.
Those looking for jobs can bolster their opportunities by completing certification programs administered by training companies, computer associations, and vendors. Certifications are highly valued by many companies, and some employers require people working for them to complete certification programs. Many companies will hire people who are certified, even if they do not have college degrees.
Since technology is constantly evolving, computer specialists need to be constantly developing new skills. Many institutions administer certification programs of varying levels where people can learn about new technology.
Advancement. Computer systems administrators working in entry-level jobs have basic supervisory and maintenance responsibilities. After acquiring some work experience, they receive senior-level job promotions. Many get promoted to management positions.
Network architects and database administrators often get promoted to management jobs after acquiring extensive work experience. Technology specialists who develop expertise in a specific field often work as consultants. Many computer security experts receive management promotions or develop enough knowledge and skills to begin careers as computer systems analysts.
Employment Opportunities
During 2008, there were nearly 961,200 people working in the database administration and network analysis industries. 339,500 of these professionals worked as network administration specialists, 120,400 worked as data administration specialists, and 292,000 worked as network and data assessment specialists. Likewise, nearly 209,300 of these specialists worked in computer related fields.
These professionals worked in various industries. Nearly 14 percent of database and network administrators specialized in systems development and associated services. Many of these specialists worked for telecommunications firms, financial institutions, insurance companies, educational institutions, and government agencies. Nearly 7 percent ran their own businesses.
Job Outlook
Job growth is projected to increase at an above average rate, so job opportunities should be abundant.
Employment change. Job growth for database, systems, and network administrators is estimated to rise 30 percent until 2018, which is a quicker rate than average growth in other industries. Likewise, it's been projected that 286,600 new jobs in these specialties will be created during the same timeframe. Job growth will differ in each field.
Job growth for network administrators is projected to rise nearly 23 percent through 2018, which is a quicker rate than the average growth rate in other industries. Since most companies rely on up-to-date computer networks, demand for network specialists will continue to rise. Likewise, because more people have access to the Internet, more companies will market and sell their products and services online. This will generate demand for systems administrators with the ability to utilize technology to relay information to their colleagues, clients, and customers. Increased demand for network security will also spearhead job growth, especially since cyber criminals constantly adapt to circumvent new network security technologies.
Job growth for database administrators is projected to increase by 20 percent through 2018, which is a faster rate than average growth in other industries. Since more companies collect sensitive information that must be organized, reviewed, and stored, demand for database administrators should be on the rise. Likewise, because more companies collect information via the web, and it must be protected, demand for database security experts will increase.
Job growth for data communications and network systems analysts is estimated to expand by more than 50 percent through 2018, which is a quicker rate than projected average growth in other industries. Professionals working in these fields include web developers and administrators and network engineers. Job growth for network engineers and architects will increase since more companies are investing in new information technology. Likewise, demand for these specialists will also increase because wireless Internet access is now being made available to more people. There will also be more need for information security experts since sensitive information is transmitted across wireless networks.
Job growth for web developers and administrators will also continue to increase since more people are using the Internet and submitting information across it. Likewise, as more marketing and business is conducted via the web, more jobs will be created for web developers and administrators.
Job growth for database administrators and network specialists will increase quicker in the fields of technology consulting, software publishing, web hosting, data analysis, and computer systems development. Job growth for database administration and network specialist positions with healthcare organizations is also projected to increase as healthcare providers attempt to be more efficient and provide better care by utilizing information technology.
Job growth in these fields may be moderated since more of these positions are being outsourced to foreign countries, a process where companies move jobs to other countries where skilled workers accept lower wages. Likewise, as more companies require their workers to take on additional duties to improve productivity, there will be fewer jobs available in these fields.
Job prospects. Database administrators and systems and network specialists more than likely will continue to have numerous job opportunities to select from through the near future. In most cases, job candidates with certificates or college degrees should have more job opportunities, but many organizations seek candidates with applicable work experience. New jobs in these fields will be created because of growing demand, and many jobs will be available as people in these fields retire or make career transitions.
Earnings
During 2008, median salaries for systems administrators and network specialists were $66,310 a year. Those in the 50th percentile made anywhere from $51,690-84,110 a year. Those in the bottom 10th percentile made under $41,000 a year, while those in the upper 10th percentile made over $104,070 a year. The following are the median yearly salaries in the fields where the majority of computer systems administrators and network administrators were employed during 2008:
- Management of companies and enterprises $70,680
- Computer systems design and related services 70,490
- Wired telecommunications carriers 66,950
- Colleges, universities, and professional schools 57,380
- Elementary and secondary schools 56,320
During 2008, median yearly earnings for database administrators were $69,740. Administrators in the 50th percentile made anywhere from $52,340-$91,850 a year. Those in the bottom 10th percentile made under $39,900 a year, while those in the upper 10th percentile made over $111,950 a year. During 2008, median annual earnings for database administrators specializing in computer systems development and similar services were $78,510. Those working as managers earned $74,730 a year.
During 2008, data communication and network analysts earned median annual incomes near $71,100. Those in the 50th percentile made anywhere from $54,330-90,740 a year. Specialists in the bottom 10th percentile made under $41,660 a year, while those in the upper 10th percentile made over $110,920 a year. These earnings reflect the annual salaries of network and systems administrators and network architects. The following are the median yearly salaries in the fields where the majority of data communications analysts were employed during 2008:
- Wired telecommunications carriers $75,930
- Insurance carriers 74,910
- Management of companies and enterprises 73,720
- Computer systems design and related services 72,410
- Local government 64,230
